A. (Tony) Hak

Tony Hak is an associate professor at the Department of Management of Technology and Innovation, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University (RSM).

Professor Hak trained as a medical sociologist and psychiatric epidemiologist at the Erasmus Medical Centre, where his specialization was conversation analysis, discourse analysis and text sociology. He completed his doctoral dissertation in 1988 at the University of Amsterdam, where he developed a research methodology for sociological text analysis.

He is the author of numerous articles and book chapters on the methodology of discourse analysis, conversation analysis, the principles of coding and coder training, survey interviewing and cognitive interviewing.

Journals in which his publications have appeared include the British Medical Journal, Social Science & Medicine, the Sociology of Health and Illness, Qualitative Sociology, Quality of Life Research and Survey Research Methodology.

Together with Jan Dul he co-authored the book Case Study Methodology in Business Research (Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008). The Sage Encyclopedia of Case Study Research (Sage, 2010) published four entries from the book detailing different aspects of theory-testing and theory-building with cases.

Professor Hak's current research interests lie in the methodology of theory-testing, necessary condition analysis, case study methodology, and the challenges of academic business surveys.

• Key publications (9)
  • Hak, T., Van der Veer, Kees & Jansen, H.A.M. (2008). The Three-Step Test-Interview (TSTI): An observation-based method for pretesting self-completion questionnaires. Survey Research Methods, 2, 143-150.
  • Westerman, Marjan, Hak, T., Sprangers, M.A.G., Groen, Harry, Wal, G. van der & The, Anne-Mei (2008). Listen to their answers. Quality of Life Research, 17, 549-558.
  • Lloyd-Jones, Gaynor & Hak, T. (2004). Self-Directed Learning and Student Pragmatism. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 9(1), 61-73.
  • Hak, T. & Maguire, Phil (2000). Group process: the black box of studies on Problem-Based Learning (PBL). Academic Medicine, 75, 769-772.
  • Hak, T. (1997). Coding effects in comparative research on definitions of health. European Journal of Public Health, 7, 364.
  • Hak, T. (1995). Ethnomethodology and the institutional context. Human Studies, 18, 109.
  • Dul, J. & Hak, T. (2008). Case Study Methodology in Business Research. Oxford: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Hak, T. & Bernts, APJ (2009). Coder training: explicit instruction and implicit socialization? In K Krippendorff & A Bock (Eds.), The Content Analysis Reader (pp. 220-233). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Hak, T. (1999). Text? and `con-text?: Talk bias in studies of health care work. In Srikant Sarangi & Celia Roberts (Eds.), Talk, work and the institutional order (pp. 427-451). Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.

• Articles (48)
  • Goertz, G., Hak, T. & Dul, J. (2013). Ceilings and floors: where are there no observations? (forthcoming). Sociological Methods & Research, 42(1), 3-40.
  • Korfage, I., Audrey, S., Hak, T., Blazely, J.M., Abel, J. & Campbell, R. (2013). Recognising the importance of ‘Family time out’ in consultations: an exploratory qualitative study. BMJ Open, 3(3:e002144).
  • Hak, T. & Giesen, D. (2012). Not Willing, Not Able: Causes of Measurement Error in Business Surveys. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Establishment Surveys (ICES-IV). Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association.
  • Dul, J., Hak, T., Goertz, G. & Voss, C. (2010). Necessary condition hypotheses in operations management. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 30(11), 1170-1190.
  • Dul, J., Hak, T. & Goertz, G. (2008). New directions in case study methodology. In Proceedings of the 15th International Annual Euroma Conference. Groningen: EUROMA.
  • Hak, T., Van der Veer, Kees & Jansen, H.A.M. (2008). The Three-Step Test-Interview (TSTI): An observation-based method for pretesting self-completion questionnaires. Survey Research Methods, 2, 143-150.
  • Helsloot, N. & Hak, T. (2008). Pecheux's contribution to discourse analysis. Historical Research, 33(1), 162-184.
  • Jaspers, F.P.H., Hak, Tony & Dul, J. (2008). Testing process theory hypotheses with cases. In Proceedings of the 24th Colloquium of the European Group for Organizational Studies. Amsterdam.
  • Westerman, Marjan, Hak, T., Sprangers, M.A.G., Groen, Harry, Wal, G. van der & The, Anne-Mei (2008). Listen to their answers. Quality of Life Research, 17, 549-558.
  • Dul, J. & Hak, A. (2007). To quantify or to qualify: That's not the question. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 13(3), 207-209.
  • Hak, T. (2007). Theorie toetsen in kwalitatief onderzoek. KWALON. Tijdschrift voor Kwalitatief Onderzoek in Nederland, 12(3), 5-13.
  • Hak, T. (2007). The Theory-Testing Questionnaire Business Survey Has Passed Its Expiry Date. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Establishment Surveys (ICES-3). Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association.
  • Helsloot, N. & Hak, T. (2007). Pecheux's contribution to discourse analysis. Forum = Forum Qualitative Socialforschung, 8(2), 1-17.
  • Westerman, Marjan, The, Anne-Mei, Sprangers, M.A.G., Groen, Harry, Wal, G. van der & Hak, T. (2007). Small-cell lung cancer patients are 'just a bit' tired. Quality of Life Research, 16(5), 853-862.
  • Westerman, Marjan, Hak, T., Echteld, M.A., Groen, Harry & Wal, G. van der (2007). Change in what matters to palliative patients. Palliative Medicine, 21(7), 581-587.
  • Hak, T., Veer, K. van der & Ommundsen, Reidar (2006). An application of the Three-Step Test-Interview (TSTI): A validation study of the Dutch and Norwegian versions of the `Illegal Alien Scale¿. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 9(3), 215-227.
  • Korfage, I.J., Hak, T., Koning, H.J. de & Essink-Bot, M.L. (2006). Patients' perceptions of the side-effects of prostate cancer treatment. Social Science & Medicine, 63(4), 911-919.
  • Westerman, Marjan, Hak, T., The, Anne-Mei, Groen, Harry & Wal, Gerrit (2006). Problems eliciting cues in SEIQoL-DW: Quality of Life areas in small-cell lung cancer patients. Quality of Life Research, 15(3), 441-449.
  • Willems, Dick, Hak, T., Visser, Frans, Wal, Gerrit & Cornel, J. (2006). Patient work in end-stage heart failure: a prospective longitudinal multiple case-study. Palliative Medicine, 20(1), 25-33.
  • Giesen, Deirdre & Hak, T. (2005). Revising the structural business survey: from a multi-method evaluation to design. In Proceedings of the 2005 FCSM Research Conference. Federal Committee on Survey Methodology.
  • Jansen, H.A.M. & Hak, T. (2005). The Productivity of the Three-Step Test-Interview (TSTI) Compared to an Expert Review of a Self-administered Questionnaire on Alcohol Consumption. Journal of Official Statistics, 21(1), 103-120.
  • Willems, Dick, Hak, T., Visser, Frans & Wal, Gerrit (2005). Hoe denken patiënten met vergevorderd hartfalen over het sterven? Huisarts en Wetenschap, 48, 608-614.
  • Hak, T., Willems, Dick, Van der Wal, Gerrit & Visser, Frans (2004). A qualitative validation of the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire. Quality of Life Research, 13(2), 417-426.
  • Hak, T. (2004). Waarnemingsmethoden in kwalitatief onderzoek. Huisarts en Wetenschap, 47, 502-508.
  • Lloyd-Jones, Gaynor & Hak, T. (2004). Self-Directed Learning and Student Pragmatism. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 9(1), 61-73.
  • Willems, Dick, Hak, T., Visser, Frans & Wal, Gerrit (2004). Thoughts of patients with advanced heart failure on dying. Palliative Medicine, 18(6), 564-572.
  • Hak, T., Willimack, Diane & Anderson, Amy E. (2003). Response process and burden in establishment surveys. In Proceedings of the Joint Statistical Meetings (pp. 1724-1730). Alexandria, VA:: American Statistical Association.
  • Hak, T., Anderson, Amy E. & Willimack, Diane (2003). Determinants of webreporting. In Proceedings of the 2003 FCSM Research Conference.
  • The, Anne-Mei, Hak, T., Koeter, Gerard & Wal, Gerrit (2003). Radiographic images and the emergence of optimism about recovery in patients with small cell lung cancer: an ethnographic study. Lung Cancer, 41, 113-120.
  • Van der Veer, Kees, Ommundsen, Reidar, Hak, T. & Larsen, Knud S. (2003). Meaning shift of items in different language versions. A cross-national validation study of the Illegal Aliens Scale. Quality & Quantity. European Journal of Methodology, 37(2), 193-206.
  • Ommundsen, Reidar, Hak, T., Morch, Sven, Larsen, Knud S. & Van der Veer, Kees (2002). Attitudes toward illegal immigration: a cross-national methodological comparison. The Journal of Psychology, 136, 103-110.
  • The, Anne-Mei, Hak, T., Koeter, Gerard & Wal, Gerrit (2001). Collusion in doctor-patient communication on imminent death: An ethnographic study. British Medical Journal, 321, 1376-1381.
  • Wal, G. van der, Koeter, G.H., Hak, T. & The, Anne-Mei (2001). Original Research - Collusion in doctor-patient communication on imminent death: An ethnographic study. Western Journal of Medicine, 174(4), 247-253.
  • Hak, T. & Maguire, Phil (2000). Group process: the black box of studies on Problem-Based Learning (PBL). Academic Medicine, 75, 769-772.
  • Helsloot, Niels & Hak, T. (2000). La contribution de Michel Pecheux a l'analyse de discours. Langage et Societe, 91, 5-33.
  • Jansen, H.A.M. & Hak, T. (2000). De kwaliteit van schriftelijke vragen over alcoholconsumptie. Vergelijking van een bureauonderzoek met een veldonderzoek. Sociologische Gids, 47, 201-225.
  • Hak, T. & Campion, Peter (1999). Achieving a patient-centred consultation by giving feedback in its early phases. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 75, 405.
  • Jansen, H.A.M. & Hak, T. (1999). Nonresponse to Mail Surveys in a Lower-Class Urban Area. A Two-Stage Exploration of Access Failure and Refusal. BMS. Bulletin de Methodologie Sociologique, 5-28.
  • Hak, T. (1998). "There are clear delusions." The production of a factual account. Human Studies, 21, 419.
  • Hak, T., Eland-Goossensen, Anne & Vollemans, Liesbeth (1997). Heroin addiction careers: downward spiral or controlled descent? Contemporary Drug Problems, 24, 293-318.
  • Hak, T. (1997). Coding effects in comparative research on definitions of health. European Journal of Public Health, 7, 364.
  • Hak, T. & Boer, F. de (1996). Formulations in first encounters. Journal of Pragmatics, 25, 83.
  • Hak, T. (1995). Ethnomethodology and the institutional context. Human Studies, 18, 109.
  • Hak, T. (1994). The interactional form of professional dominance. Sociology of Health and Illness, 16, 469-488.
  • Bernts, Ton & Hak, T. (1993). Codeertraining: theoretische verdieping of praktische socialisering? Sociologische Gids, 40, 241-255.
  • Hak, T. (1989). Developing a text-sociological method. Semiotica, 75, 25-42.
  • Hak, T. (1987). De constructie van een psychiatrisch geval. Sociologische Gids, 34, 354-369.
  • Hak, T. (1987). Ideological interpellation in propaganda of the Centrumpartij. The Netherlands' Journal of Social Sciences, 23, 45-53.

• Books (3)
  • Dul, J. & Hak, T. (2008). Case Study Methodology in Business Research. Oxford: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Wester, Fred, Boeije, Hennie, Hak, T. & (Red.), -- (2005). Methodische keuzen in kwalitatief onderzoek (Themanummer Tijdschrift Kwalon). Utrecht: LEMMA.
  • Hak, T. & Wester, Fred (Eds.). (2003). Kwalitatief onderzoek: de praktijk. Amsterdam: SISWO.

• Book contributions (11)
  • Hak, T., Jaspers, F.P.H. & Dul, J. (2013). The Analysis of Temporally Ordered Configurations: Challenges and Solutions. In P.C. Fiss, B. Cambré & A. Marx (Eds.), Configurational Theory and Methods in Organizational Research (Research in the Sociology of Organization, 38) (pp. 109-127). Bingley, UK: Emerald.
  • Hak, T. & Dul, J. (2010). Replication. In A.J. Mills, G Durepos & E Wiebe (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Case Study Research (pp. 804-806). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Hak, T. & Dul, J. (2010). Theory-testing with cases. In A.J. Mills, G Durepos & E Wiebe (Eds.), Encyclopedia of case study research (pp. 937-942). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Hak, T. & Dul, J. (2010). Theory-building with cases. In A.J. Mills, G Durepos & E Wiebe (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Case Study Research (pp. 932-937). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Hak, T. & Dul, J. (2010). Pattern Matching. In A.J. Mills, G Durepos & E Wiebe (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Case Study Research (pp. 663-665). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Hak, T. & Bernts, APJ (2009). Coder training: explicit instruction and implicit socialization? In K Krippendorff & A Bock (Eds.), The Content Analysis Reader (pp. 220-233). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Hak, T. (2004). The interactional form of professional dominance. In Lindsay Prior, Ellen Annandale & Mary.Ann Elston (Eds.), Medical work, medical knowledge and health care. A Sociology of Health & Illness Reader (pp. 351-369). Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Hak, T. (2003). Interviewer laughter as an unspecified request for clarification. In et al., Harry van den Berg & Margaret Wetherell (Eds.), Analyzing race talk. Multidisciplinary approaches to the interview (pp. 204-214). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • The, Anne-Mei & Hak, T. (2003). Optimisme bij patienten met longkanker. In Tony Hak & Fred Wester (Eds.), Kwalitatief onderzoek: de praktijk (pp. 95-113). Amsterdam: SISWO.
  • Hak, T. (2002). How interviewers make coding decisions. In Douglas W. Maynard et al. (Ed.), Standardization and tacit knowledge. Interaction and practice in the survey interview (pp. 449-469). New York: John Wiley.
  • Hak, T. (1999). Text? and `con-text?: Talk bias in studies of health care work. In Srikant Sarangi & Celia Roberts (Eds.), Talk, work and the institutional order (pp. 427-451). Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.

• Professional publications (9)
  • Hak, T. (2007). Waarnemingsmethoden in kwalitatief onderzoek. In P.L.B.J. Lucassen & T.C. Hartman (Eds.), Kwalitatief onderzoek. Praktische methoden voor de medische praktijk (pp. 13-25). Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum.
  • Wester, Fred & Hak, T. (2003). De methodologie van kwalitatief onderzoek. In Fred Wester & Tony Hak (Eds.), Kwalitatief onderzoek: de praktijk (pp. 7-17). Amsterdam: SISWO.
  • Willems, Dick, Hak, T., Visser, Frans & Wal, Gerrit (2002). Hartfalen -- de laatste fase. Eindrapport van het onderzoeksproject "Veranderingen in de kwaliteit van leven en in de waarden en behoeften van mensen met terminaal hartfalen". Amsterdam: Afdeling Sociale Geneeskunde, VU Medisch Centrum.
  • Hak, T. (2001). Patients and carers. In C. Dowrick (Ed.), Medicine in society - Behavioural Sciences for Undergraduates (pp. 73-99). London: Arnold.
  • Hak, T. & Muller, Joan (2001). De toolkit van de kwalitatieve marktonderzoeker. Het Drie-Stappen Test-Interview. Onderzoek, 18(12), 8-9.
  • Willems, Dick, Leurs, Frank, Hak, T. & Visser, Frans (2001). Als het hart het niet zo goed meer doet. Hartfalen en palliatieve zorg. Pallium, 3(1), 12-15.
  • Hak, T. & Jansen, H.A.M. (1997). Het meten van alcoholconcsumptie per postenquete. Een onderzoek naar cognitieve problemen bij de beantwoording van vragen naar frequenties en hoeveelheden. Rotterdam: IVO.
  • Hak, T. & Jansen, H.A.M. (1997). Het meten van alcoholconsumptie per postenquete. Een onderzoek naar cognitieve problemen bij de beantwoording van vragen naar frequenties en hoeveelheden. Rotterdam: IVO.
  • Jansen, H.A.M. & Hak, T. (1996). Hup, daar heeft niemand iets mee nodig. Samenstelling en achtergronden van de nonrespons in het onderzoek 'Leefgewoonten van de Rotterdamse bevolking'. onbekend: Orgaisatiedeel 43202600.