Methodological publications

NCA method

NCA's core article:

Dul, J. (2016). Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA): Logic and methodology of “necessary but not sufficient” causality. Organizational Research Methods, 19(1), 10-52.

NCA's statistical test:

Dul, J., van der Laan, E., & Kuik, R. (2020). A statistical significance test for Necessary Condition Analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 23(2), 385–395.

NCA backgrounds and guidelines:

Dul, J. (2020) Conducting Necessary Condition Analysis. Mastering Business Research Methods series, Sage.
Dul, J. (2021). Advances in Necessary Condition Analysis. online book.
Dul, J. (2023). Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) and its diffusion. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management
Dul, J., Hauff S., & Bouncken, R.B. (2023). Necessary condition analysis (NCA): Review of topics in recent research and suggestions for good practice. Review of Managerial Science, 17, 683–714.
Dul, J., van Raaij, E., & Caputo, A. (2023). Advancing scientific inquiry through data reuse: Necessary condition analysis with archival data. Strategic Change, 33, 35-40.
Dul, J. (2024a). A different causal perspective with Necessary Condition Analysis. Journal of Business Research, 114618.
Dul, J. (2024b). How to sample in Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). European Journal of International Management, in press.

Proto-NCA articles:

Dul, J., Hak, T., Goertz, G., & Voss, C. (2010). Necessary condition hypotheses in operations management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 30, 1170-1190.
Goertz, G., Hak, T., & Dul, J. (2013) Ceilings and floors where are there no observations? Sociological Methods & Research, 42(1), 3-40.

Dul, J. (2016). Identifying single necessary conditions with NCA and fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 69(4):1516-1523.
Hak, T., Jaspers, F., & Dul, J. (2013). The analysis of temporally ordered configurations: Challenges and solutions. In Configurational theory and methods in organizational research. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Richter, N. F., Schubring, S., Hauff, S., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2020). When predictors of outcomes are necessary: Guidelines for the combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 120(12), 2243–2267.
Vis, B. & Dul, J. (2018) Analyzing relationships of necessity not just in kind but also in degree: Complementing fsQCA with NCA. Sociological Methods & Research, 47(4), 872-899.

Bergh, D. D., Boyd, B. K., Byron, K., Gove, S., & Ketchen Jr, D. J. (2022). What Constitutes a Methodological Contribution?. Journal of Management, 01492063221088235.
Dul, J. (in press). Identifying the Perfect Predictor of Absence of Disease: A Shift Toward Necessary Condition Analysis in Evidence-Based Medicine?. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, S0890-8567.
Hernaus, T., Černe, M. (2022) From the editors: The importance of data in research - Best practices regarding data collection, processing and visualization. Dynamic Relationships Management Journal, 11(2).
Robinson, S., Muratbekova-Touron, M., Linder, C., Bouncken, R. B., Findikoglu, M. N., Garbuio, M., Hartner-Tiefenthaler, M., Thanos, I. C., Aharonson, B. S., Strobl, A., et al. (2022). 40th anniversary editorial: Looking backwards to move forward in management research. European Management Journal, 40(4), 459–466.
Sarstedt, M., & Liu, Y. (2024). Advanced marketing analytics using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Journal of Marketing Analytics, 12(1), 1-5.