Methodological publications

Development of NCA method

Journal papers

Dul, J. (2016) Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA): Logic and methodology of “necessary but not sufficient” causality. Organizational Research Methods, 19(1), 10-52.[free access]
Dul, J., Hak, T., Goertz, G., & Voss, C. (2010). Necessary condition hypotheses in operations management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 30, 1170-1190.
Dul, J., van der Laan, E., & Kuik, R. (2020). A Statistical Significance Test for Necessary Condition Analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 23(2), 385–395.
Goertz, G., Hak, T., & Dul, J. (2013) Ceilings and floors where are there no observations? Sociological Methods & Research, 42(1), 3-40.

Books, Chapters, Proceedings

Dul, J. (2020) Conducting Necessary Condition Analysis. Mastering Business Research Methods series, London: Sage Publications
Dul, J. (2021). Advances in Necessary Condition Analysis. online book.

Journal papers

Dul, J. (2016). Identifying single necessary conditions with NCA and fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 69(4):1516-1523.
Hak, T., Jaspers, F., & Dul, J. (2013). The analysis of temporally ordered configurations: Challenges and solutions. In Configurational theory and methods in organizational research. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Richter, N. F., Schubring, S., Hauff, S., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2020). When predictors of outcomes are necessary: Guidelines for the combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 120(12), 2243–2267. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-11-2019-0638
Vis, B. & Dul, J. (2018) Analyzing relationships of necessity not just in kind but also in degree: Complementing fsQCA with NCA. Sociological Methods & Research, 47(4), 872-899.

Bergh, D. D., Boyd, B. K., Byron, K., Gove, S., & Ketchen Jr, D. J. (2022). What Constitutes a Methodological Contribution?. Journal of Management, 01492063221088235.
Dul, J. (2023). Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) and its diffusion. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management
Dul, J., Hauff S. Bouncken, R.B. (2023). Necessary condition analysis (NCA): Review of topics in recent research and suggestions for good practice. Review of Managerial Science