prof.dr. D. (Dirk) Schoenmaker
Dirk Schoenmaker is Professor of Banking and Finance at the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam. His research and teaching focus on the areas of sustainable finance, sustainable economy, central banking and European financial integration. He is regular speaker at academic and professional conferences.
Dirk Schoenmaker is also a Research Fellow at the Centre for European Policy Research (CEPR) and member of the Sustainable Finance Lab. He is co-author of the textbooks 'Corporate Finance for Long-Term Value' (Springer), 'Principles of Sustainable Finance' (Oxford University Press) and ‘Financial Markets and Institutions: A European perspective' (Cambridge University Press) and author of ‘Governance of International Banking: The Financial Trilemma’ (Oxford University Press). He earned his PhD in economics at the London School of Economics.
Before joining RSM, he was Dean of the Duisenberg school of finance from 2009 to 2015. From 1998 to 2008, he served at the Netherlands Ministry of Finance. In the 1990s he served at the Bank of England.
His latest textbook can be found at: www.longtermvalue.com
Publications
Article (44)
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Academic (39)
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Dingkuhn, P., Nel, J. L., Schoenmaker, D., & Alpizar, F. (2026). Pathways toward a nature-positive financial system. Cell Reports Sustainability, 3(3), 1. Article 100629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsus.2025.100629
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Pazienza, M., de Jong, M., & Schoenmaker, D. (2026). A Universal and Actionable Measure of Corporate Sustainability for Strategic Decision Making. Business Strategy and the Environment. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70673
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Roor, A., Schoenmaker, D., & Maas, K. (2025). Integrating Transitions and Impact Measurement in Strategic Asset Allocation. Journal of Portfolio Management, 51(9), 116-141. https://doi.org/10.3905/jpm.2025.1.731
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Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2025). Teaching finance for responsible management. International Journal of Management Education, 23(2), Article 101170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2025.101170
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Reinders, H. J., Schoenmaker, D., & van Dijk, M. (2025). Climate risk stress testing: A critical survey and classification. Journal of Climate Finance, 10, Article 100061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclimf.2025.100061
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Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2024). Shareholder primacy or stakeholder governance? Finance Research Letters, 69, Article 106244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.106244
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Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2024). Which discount rate for sustainability? Journal of Sustainable Finance and Accounting, 3, Article 100010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.josfa.2024.100010
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Bongaerts, D., & Schoenmaker, D. (2024). Liquidity and clientele effects in green debt markets. Journal of Corporate Finance, 86, Article 102582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2024.102582
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de Adelhart Toorop, R., Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2024). Decision Rules for Corporate Investment †. International Journal of Financial Studies, 12(1), Article 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs12010024
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Kennedy, S., Fuchs, M., van Ingen, W., & Schoenmaker, D. (2023). A resilience approach to corporate biodiversity impact measurement. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(5), 2567-2582. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3140
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Pazienza, M., de Jong, M., & Schoenmaker, D. (2023). Why Corporate Sustainability Is Not Yet Measured. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(7), Article 6275. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076275
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Reinders, H. J., Schoenmaker, D., & van Dijk, M. (2023). A finance approach to climate stress testing. Journal of International Money and Finance, 131, Article 102797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2022.102797
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Schoenmaker, D., & Stegeman, H. (2023). Can the Market Economy Deal with Sustainability? Economist (Netherlands), 171(1), 25-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10645-022-09416-6
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Schoenmaker, D., Schramade, W., & Winter, J. (2023). Corporate Governance Beyond the Shareholder and Stakeholder Model. Erasmus Law Review, 2023(1). https://doi.org/10.5553/ELR.000237
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Pazienza, M., de Jong, M., & Schoenmaker, D. (2022). Clarifying the Concept of Corporate Sustainability and Providing Convergence for Its Definition. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(13), Article 7838. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137838
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Kurznack, L., Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2021). A Model of Long-Term Value Creation. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 11. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2021.1920231
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Schoenmaker, D. (2021). Greening Monetary Policy. Climate Policy, 21(4), 581-592. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2020.1868392
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Duijm, P., & Schoenmaker, D. (2021). European banks straddling borders: Risky or rewarding? Finance Research Letters, 38, Article 101525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101525
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Duijm, P., & Schoenmaker, D. (2020). Data on cross-border exposures of 61 largest European banks. Data in Brief, 30, Article 105613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105613
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Schoenmaker, D. (2020). Trans-Tasman cooperation in banking supervision and resolution. Journal of Banking Regulation, 21(1), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-018-0086-z
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Schoenmaker, D. (2020). Een financiële sector ten dienste van een duurzame economie. Tijdschrift voor Financieel Recht, 10.
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Hougaard Jensen, SE., & Schoenmaker, D. (2020). Should Denmark and Sweden Join the Banking Union? Journal of Financial Regulation, 6(2), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1093/jfr/fjaa005
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Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2019). Investing for long-term value creation. Journal of Sustainable Finance and Investment, 9(4), 356-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2019.1625012
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Schoenmaker, D. (2018). Resolution of international banks: Can smaller countries cope? International Finance, 21(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/infi.12123
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Schoenmaker, D. (2017). What happened to global banking after the crisis? Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 25(3), 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-01-2017-0010
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Schoenmaker, D., & Van Tilburg, R. (2016). What Role for Financial Supervisors in Addressing Environmental Risks? Comparative Economic Studies, 58(3), 317-334. https://doi.org/10.1057/ces.2016.11
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Goodhart, C., & Schoenmaker, D. (2016). The Global Investment Banks are now all Becoming American: Does that Matter for Europeans? Journal of Financial Regulation, 2(2), 163-181. https://doi.org/10.1093/jfr/fjw012
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Schoenmaker, D., & Wierts, P. (2016). Macroprudential Supervision: From Theory to Policy. National Institute Economic Review, 235(1), 50-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/002795011623500115
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Schoenmaker, D., & Sass, J. (2016). Cross-border Insurance in Europe: Challenges for Supervision. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance. Issues and Practice, 41(3), 351-377. https://doi.org/10.1057/gpp.2015.35
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Schoenmaker, D., & Wierts, P. (2015). Regulating the Financial Cycle: An Integrated Approach with a Leverage Ratio. Economics Letters, 136, 70-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2015.08.020
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Schoenmaker, D. (2015). Regulatory Capital: Why Is It Different? Accounting and Business Research, 45(4), 468-483. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2015.1030961
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Schoenmaker, D., & Siegmann, A. (2014). Can European Bank Bailouts Work? Journal of Banking and Finance, 2014(48), 334-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.03.025
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Gros, D., & Schoenmaker, D. (2014). European Deposit Insurance and Resolution in the Banking Union. Journal of Common Market Studies (JCMS), 52(3), 529-546. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12124
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de Vries, C., Slijkerman, J., & Schoenmaker, D. (2013). Systemic Risk and Diversification across European Banks and Insurers. Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(3), 773-785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.10.027
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Schoenmaker, D., & Wagner, W. (2013). Cross-border Banking in Europe and Financial Stability. International Finance, 16(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2362.2013.12026.x
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Avgouleas, E., Goodhart, C., & Schoenmaker, D. (2013). Bank Resolution Plans as a Catalyst for Global Financial Reform. Journal of Financial Stability, 9(2), 210-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2011.12.002
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Schoenmaker, D. (2011). The Financial Trilemma. Economics Letters, 2011(111), 57-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.01.010
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Goodhart, C., & Schoenmaker, D. (2009). Fiscal Burden Sharing in Cross-Border Banking Crises. International Journal of Central Banking, 5(1), 141-165.
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Kremers, JJM., Kroes, TRJ., & Schoenmaker, D. (2000). Reforming financial supervision: experiences from the Netherlands. OECD Financial Markets Trends, 75, 159-169.
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Popular (3)
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Boot, AM., Schoenmaker, D., van Wijnbergen, S., Baarsma, B., Jacobs, B., Benink, H., & et, AL. (2020). Een Europese Aanpak is ook in ons Belang. De Volkskrant.
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Jacobs, B., Schoenmaker, D., Bovenberg, AL., & et al., . (2012). Zes Stappen naar een Betere Woningmarkt. De Volkskrant, 23 febr.
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Jacobs, B., Bovenberg, AL., Schoenmaker, D., & et al, . (2012). Een Betere Woningmarkt in Zes Stappen. Me Judice, 23 febr.
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Professional (2)
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Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2020). Incorporating Sustainability into Corporate Finance. Corporate Finance, (07-08), 242-247.
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Schoenmaker, D. (2015). The new Banking Union Landscape in Europe: Consolidation Ahead? The Journal of Financial Perspectives, 3(2), 189-201.
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Book (16)
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Academic (6)
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Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2023). Corporate Finance for Long-Term Value. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35009-2
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de Haan, J., Schoenmaker, D., & Wierts, P. (2020). Financial Markets and Institutions: A European Perspective. (4th edition ed.) Cambridge University Press.
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Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2019). Principles of Sustainable Finance. Oxford University Press. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/principles-of-sustainable-finance-9780198826606?cc=nl&lang=en&
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de Haan, J., Oosterloo, S., & Schoenmaker, D. (2015). Financial Markets and Institutions: A European Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
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Schoenmaker, D. (2013). Governance of International Banking: The Financial Trilemma. Oxford University Press.
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Allen, F., Beck, THL., Carletti, E., Lane, P., Schoenmaker, D., & Wagner, W. (2011). Cross-Border Banking in Europe. CEPR.
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Professional (10)
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Bongaerts, D., & Schoenmaker, D. (2020). Green certificates: a better version of green bonds. Bruegel. Policy Contribution Vol. 2020 No. 20
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Loorbach, D., Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2020). Finance in transition: principles for a positive finance future. Rotterdam School of Management (RSM), EUR. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/131874
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Schoenmaker, D. (2020). THE IMPACT ECONOMY: BALANCING PROFIT AND IMPACT. (Working Paper 2020-04 ed.) Bruegel. Working Paper Vol. 2020-04
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Schoenmaker, D. (2019). Greening Monetary Policy. (Working Paper 2019-02 ed.) Bruegel. Working Paper Vol. 2019-02
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Sapir, A., Schoenmaker, D., & Veron, N. (2017). Making the best of Brexit for the EU27 financial system. (Bruegel Policy Brief 2017/01 ed.) Bruegel. Bruegel Policy Brief Vol. 2017/01 http://hdl.handle.net/1765/98429
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Batsaikhan, U., Kalcik, R., & Schoenmaker, D. (2017). Brexit and the European financial system: mapping markets, players and jobs. (Policy Contribution Issue No 4 / 2017 ed.) Bruegel. Policy Contribution Vol. Issue No 4 / 2017 http://hdl.handle.net/1765/98430
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Schoenmaker, D., & Darvas, Z. (2017). Institutional investors and home bias in Europe’s Capital Markets Union. (Working Paper 2017/02 ed.) Bruegel. Working Paper Vol. 2017/02 http://hdl.handle.net/1765/98431
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Schoenmaker, D. (2017). From Risk to Opportunity: A Framework for Sustainable Finance. Rotterdam School of Management (RSM), EUR. RSM Series on Positive Change http://hdl.handle.net/1765/101671
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Schoenmaker, D., & Veron, N. (2016). European Banking Supervision: The First Eighteen Months. Bruegel. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/93227
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Schoenmaker, D., & Van Tilburg, R. (2016). FINANCIAL RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE TIME OF CLIMATE CHANGE. (Bruegel Policy Brief Issue 2016/02 ed.) Bruegel. Bruegel Policy Brief Vol. Issue 2016/02 http://hdl.handle.net/1765/93228
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Book editing (1)
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Academic (1)
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Schoenmaker, D. (2020). The Economics of Banking. Edward Elgar Publishing.
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Chapter (6)
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Academic (4)
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Schoenmaker, D. (2025). Impact of Transitions on the Financial Stability and LOLR Roles of Central Banks. In D. Broeders, A. Houben, & M. Bonetti (Eds.), Central Bank Capital in Turbulent Times: The Risk Management Dimension of Novel Monetary Policy Instruments (1 ed., pp. 275-293). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73549-3_10
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Schoenmaker, D., & de Arriba-Sellier, N. (2025). Sustainable Finance in the Netherlands. In R. Calipha, D. M. DiSegni, & S. Katav-Herz (Eds.), Sustainable Finance Regulation in the European Union: Pathways, Practices and National Perspectives (1 ed., pp. 105-116). Springer Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-88392-7_8
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Gianfrate, G., Schoenmaker, D., & Wasama, S. (2023). Cost of capital and climate risks. In Handbook of Business and Climate Change (pp. 480-502). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839103001.00031
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Schoenmaker, D. (2020). Sustainable finance. In Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance (pp. 253-254). Taylor & Francis (U.S.). https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780367816681/essential-concepts-global-environmental-governance-jean-fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric-morin-amandine-orsini
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Professional (2)
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Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2026). A real economy approach to integrated investing and portfolio management. In J. Lukomnik, & W. B. (Eds.), The Handbook of System-Level Investing (pp. 55). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5744268
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Schoenmaker, D. (2016). The UK Financial Sector and EU Integration after Brexit: The Issue of Passporting. In N. Campos, & F. Coricelli (Eds.), The Economics of the UK-EU Relationship: From the Treaty of Rome to the Brexit Vote Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2844253
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Digital or Visual Products (1)
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Professional (1)
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Schoenmaker, D. (2020). A Social Licence to Operate for Business and Finance. Digital or Visual Products, Rotterdam School of Management (RSM), EUR.
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Discussion paper (1)
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Professional (1)
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Cosemans, M., & Schoenmaker, D. (2022). Carbon Bias in Index Investing. Rotterdam School of Management (RSM), EUR. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4016221
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Report (4)
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Academic (1)
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Slijkerman, J., Schoenmaker, D., & de Vries, C. (2005). Risk Diversification by European Financial Conglomerates. (Discussion Paper 05-110/2 ed.) Tinbergen Institute. Discussion Paper Vol. 05-110/2
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Professional (3)
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Bertels, J., Lear, E., Gutierrez, V., Ding, H., Ferwerda, W., Krolopp, A., Spors, F., Zimmer, D., Chatterton, P., Bery, A., del Valle, C., Ewerton, M., Galgani, P., Guarnaschelli, S., Hart, S., Herrera, D., Kerkhoven, D., Kleiterp, N., Kiss, E., ... Zabel, A. (2023). Towards financing large-scale holistic landscape restoration in Europe: Recommendations for EU policy actors to attain inspirational, social, natural, and financial returns. Commonland. https://commonland.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/UTF-8Commonland-Financing20Holistic20Landscape20Restoration_0220Digital.pdf
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Ferwerda, W., & Schoenmaker, D. (2020). Financiële sector kan transitie naar duurzame landbouw versnellen. https://esb.nu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/RFNJ0JayNwKHQcp4DloIqSzDwLc.pdf
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de Jong, A., Schoenmaker, D., Gruenwald, M., & Pala, A. (2018). Large Shareholders in Corporate Governance. Rotterdam School of Management (RSM), EUR. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/104215
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Teaching case (2)
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Academic (2)
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Yue, T., Schoenmaker, D., Mulder, A., Moolenaar, SW., Geoffroy, M. C., & Arellano Geoffroy, P., (2019). Sustainable Finance for Landscape Restoration in Spain, 16 p., RSM Case Development Centre
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Schoenmaker, D., Schramade, W., & Nolan, J., (2019). Shifting from Shareholder to Stakeholder Model: Using Sustainable Investment to Align Profit with Purposefulness, 20 p., RSM Case Development Centre http://hdl.handle.net/1765/123877
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Additional activities (1)
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Lecture on sustainable finance during the Rabo College Day
Oral presentation (Professional)
PhD Tracks (12)
- Role: Member Doctoral Committee
- PhD Candidate: Jose Albuquerque de Sousa
- Time frame: 2014 - 2019
- Role: Promotor, Daily Supervisor
- PhD Candidate: Eline ten Bosch
- Time frame: 2019 -
- Role: Promotor
- PhD Candidate: Marloes Hagens
- Time frame: 2022 -
- Role: Promotor
- PhD Candidate: Francesca Caucci
- Time frame: 2022 -
- Role: Promotor
- PhD Candidate: Koen-Jan Leendert van den Bosch
- Time frame: 2022 -
- Role: Promotor
- PhD Candidate: Mariapia Pazienza
- Time frame: 2020 -
- Role: Promotor
- PhD Candidate: Dan Raghoonundon
- Time frame: 2020 -
- Role: Promotor
- PhD Candidate: Annebeth Roor
- Time frame: 2020 -
- Role: Promotor
- PhD Candidate: John Fell
- Time frame: 2017 -
- Role: Promotor
- PhD Candidate: Federico Pippo
- Time frame: 2023 -
- Role: Promotor
- PhD Candidate: Kelly van Heyningen
- Time frame: 2025 -
- Role: Promotor
- PhD Candidate: Mahshid Manzouri Shalmani
- Time frame: 2025 -
Course (1)
- Sustainable Finance (2023/2024)
Address
Office: Mandeville Building T08-33
Burgemeester Oudlaan 50
3062 PA Rotterdam
Postbus 1738
3000 DR Rotterdam
Netherlands
